Topic 5: Musculoskeletal, Metabolism, And Multisystem Complexities
Objectives:
1. Describe pathophysiological changes and abnormal findings associated with musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health dysfunctions.
2. Evaluate a research-based nursing intervention or treatment tool for the management of diabetes.
Assignment 1
Choose one of the following health dysfunctions: musculoskeletal, metabolic, or multisystem. Describe pathophysiological changes, abnormal findings, and symptoms of the chosen health dysfunction. How does it affect the patient’s functions?
Assignment 2
Explain the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis. How can a nurse support the patient to manage the health condition and restore the patient to optimal health?Musculoskeletal, Metabolism, and Multisystem Complexities By Angel Falkner and Sue Z. Green
Essential Questions
· What are the pathophysiological changes and abnormal findings associated with musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health dysfunctions?
· Which musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health conditions are the most prevalent?
· How does the nurse manage these health conditions to restore the patient to optimal health?
· What measures do nurses use to help transition patients to being independent?
Introduction
The musculoskeletal system is the framework for movement and function. Diseases of this system encompass a wide array of disorders that often lead to physical disabilities and loss of function for patients (Cherney, 2018). Because of this, it is essential for nurses to understand the complexities and ways they can promote health and wellness for the patient suffering from musculoskeletal diseases. The metabolic system is fueled by the endocrine system and its many hormones. Alterations in hormone synthesis and release lead to a wide range of diseases, the most common of these being diabetes mellitus (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK], n.d.a). Diabetes affects millions of patients and often exists in conjunction with multiple comorbidities (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2018b). It is essential for nurses to be well informed regarding its management and ways to promote health and wellness for the patient with diabetes. Sepsis, a multisystem complexity, is a growing concern worldwide that leads to devastating outcomes for patients (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018c). Nurses must be knowledgeable regarding early warning signs and the need for prompt treatment to help decrease sepsis rates and associated outcomes.
Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
Normal Function
The musculoskeletal system is composed of voluntary muscles and connective tissues. The connective tissues are the bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and fascia (Lewis et al., 2017). The musculoskeletal system has a variety of functions that allow for body movement (see Table 5.1).
Table 5.1
Function of the Musculoskeletal System
System Component
Composition
Function
Bones
Components:
· Collagen fibers (fibrous connective tissue)
· Calcium
· Phosphorus
· Osteoblast
· Osteocytes
· Compact bone
· Spongy bone
· Protects internal organs.
· Bears weight of body.
· Stores minerals.
· Produces red and white blood cells.
· Lever for muscles and muscle contraction.
Joints
Fibrous connective tissue
Types of joints:
· Hinge
· Ball and socket
· Pivot
· Condyloid
· Saddle
· Gliding
Allows for:
· Flexion
· Extension
· Adduction
· Abduction
· Circumduction
· Rotation
· Thumb-finger opposition
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue
Types of cartilage:
· Hyaline
· Elastic
· Fibrous
· Supports soft tissue.
· Allows smooth surface for place Musculoskeletal, Metabolism, and Multisystem Complexities By Angel Falkner and Sue Z. Green
Essential Questions
· What are the pathophysiological changes and abnormal findings associated with musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health dysfunctions?
· Which musculoskeletal, metabolic, and multisystem health conditions are the most prevalent?
· How does the nurse manage these health conditions to restore the patient to optimal health?
· What measures do nurses use to help transition patients to being independent?
Introduction
The musculoskeletal system is the framework for movement and function. Diseases of this system encompass a wide array of disorders that often lead to physical disabilities and loss of function for patients (Cherney, 2018). Because of this, it is essential for nurses to understand the complexities and ways they can promote health and wellness for the patient suffering from musculoskeletal diseases. The metabolic system is fueled by the endocrine system and its many hormones. Alterations in hormone synthesis and release lead to a wide range of diseases, the most common of these being diabetes mellitus (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [NIDDK], n.d.a). Diabetes affects millions of patients and often exists in conjunction with multiple comorbidities (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2018b). It is essential for nurses to be well informed regarding its management and ways to promote health and wellness for the patient with diabetes. Sepsis, a multisystem complexity, is a growing concern worldwide that leads to devastating outcomes for patients (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018c). Nurses must be knowledgeable regarding early warning signs and the need for prompt treatment to help decrease sepsis rates and associated outcomes.
Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
Normal Function
The musculoskeletal system is composed of voluntary muscles and connective tissues. The connective tissues are the bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and fascia (Lewis et al., 2017). The musculoskeletal system has a variety of functions that allow for body movement (see Table 5.1).
Table 5.1
Function of the Musculoskeletal System
System Component
Composition
Function
Bones
Components:
· Collagen fibers (fibrous connective tissue)
· Calcium
· Phosphorus
· Osteoblast
· Osteocytes
· Compact bone
· Spongy bone
· Protects internal organs.
· Bears weight of body.
· Stores minerals.
· Produces red and white blood cells.
· Lever for muscles and muscle contraction.
Joints
Fibrous connective tissue
Types of joints:
· Hinge
· Ball and socket
· Pivot
· Condyloid
· Saddle
· Gliding
Allows for:
· Flexion
· Extension
· Adduction
· Abduction
· Circumduction
· Rotation
· Thumb-finger opposition
Cartilage
Fibrous connective tissue
Types of cartilage:
· Hyaline
· Elastic
· Fibrous
· Supports soft tissue.
· Allows smooth surface for place Resources
1.
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
2.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/osteoporosis
3.
https://www.ijpvmjournal.net/article.asp?issn=2008-7802;year=2019;volume=10;issue=1;spage=48;epage=48;aulast=Hendi
4.
5.
https://www.cff.org/intro-cf/about-cystic-fibrosis
6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1871402122000996
7. Managing Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Read “Managing Diabetic Ketoacidosis,” by Jerreat, from Nursing Standard (2010)
8. Reducing Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With Diabetes: An Evidence-Based, Population Health Management Program
Read “Reducing Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With Diabetes: An Evidence-Based, Population Health Management Program,” by Levit
… Read More
9. Optional- First-Line Medications for Osteoporosis
For additional information, the following is recommended:
“First-Line Medications for Osteoporosis,” by Felicilda-reynaldo
… Read More
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